On the other hand, the concept of time is precise. The monochronic culture schedules one event at a time in an orderly fashion.\n\nIn the polychronic culture, employees can work on several tasks simultaneously. A free-rider problem arises if a good is ______. D. Anxiety, People in polychronic cultures: It is critical to acknowledge that people from other cultures are distinct in a number of ways, including their perspectives on certain issues. They love to toil on more than one thing at a time. In monochronic cultures, it is generally seen as undesirable to try to do more than one thing at a time, as it is believed to decrease efficiency and productivity. Prejudice A. Chronemics High context communicationbelieves in sharing every bit of information. It is one of the numerous subdivisions from the study of non-verbal interaction. However, the American may be offended by American insistence on punctuality or the completion of business; The American usually prefers to speak first with his colleagues and not interrupt a conversation to arrange a meeting. Time based schedule is followed loosely, and changes or interruptions are viewed as a normal part of the routine. For example, its perfectly natural for the official to stamp the passport and take a phone call at the same time because these tasks require different parts of the body and different levels of concentration. It means that when it comes to communicating with Filipinos, a lot goes on beneath the surface. Thought patterns Polychronic type companies view relationships with people as more important than completing a work activity in a specified time. Monochronic time also ensures that employees finish tasks with a high degree of focus and little interruption. Interested to advertise with us? On the other hand, the concept of time is precise. Clients already expect this, so not one person complains and no one has a sense of urgency nevertheless. Instead, the official is trying to complete multiple tasks at once.\n\nThe traveler is a classic example of a monochronic person, and the official is polychronic.\n\nThe monochronic individual believes in finishing one task at a time. Monochronic people see time as being separated into fixed essentials: second, minutes, hours, days, and so on. However, much of East Asia is a monochronic society. True False Answer: True. Get ready to Top 25 Chilis Interview Questions And Answers in 2023. Polychronic individuals thrive on carrying out more than one task at the same time as long as they can be executed together with a natural rhythm. Polychronic people have the following appearances: they do numerous things at the same time, are vulnerable to interruption, commit to relationships, change dwellings easily and frequently, place less importance on a time limit, relate promptness to the relationship, finds importance in connection and lean towards long term relationships. believes in sharing every bit of information. relationships and people are central to every activity, consider time commitments to be achieved if possible, are more concerned with others closeness than privacy, Semester 6: International Business - Pass/Fai, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics, Douglas A. Lind, Samuel A. Wathen, William G. Marchal, Alexander Holmes, Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean, How Are Fungi and Plants Diverse Study Guide 2. These factors, combined with the person's cultural and racial identity and level of preparedness for change, comprise that person's potential for adaptation Related: How to Avoid Transactional Relationships at Work. North American and North European countries are monochronic societies where business managers typically divide work schedules into sequential chunks.Arab, African, South American and Asian countries are typically more accepting of changes in schedules because they are polychronic cultures. Persons with this cultural orientation tend to do one thing after another, concluding each action before starting the next. It may also involve actively seeking out and valuing personal connections and relationships, even if they are not directly related to the task at hand. A traveler becomes frustrated when the customs official takes too long to stamp their passport and help them pass through the body scanner. Time-based agenda is followed lightly and deviations or disruptions are seen as a usual part of the humdrum. High context communication Polychronic persons have a proclivity to provide critical information with a large amount of supporting background material attached. The practice of keeping people waiting all day and then telling them to come back the next day is perfectly acceptable in civilizations where time is plentiful, such as India or Latin American cultures. They do not value interruptions. Public disagreement is avoided at all costs ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"It's certainly possible to acquire a new time orientation; however, it takes time and an open mind. But lifecycle, grind, and the social order are systematized according to monochronic values. Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 2. False According to our textbook, ______________ has much to do with North America's rise to global prominence. Monochronic people tend to take schemas, plan and set time limits quite seriously and will drive towards these times. To a polychronic, swapping from one action to another is both interesting and industrious and hence the most necessary way to toil. There is a strong awareness of insiders and outsiders and people are served in order of personal relationship e. Punctuality Having time is crucial for everyone involved on a project The team shows up not only on time for work, but also on time for meetings with customers and other employees. Meeting deadlines promptly shows that an employee is conscious of their clients time, as well as the busy lives of their fellow employees. Monochronic people can become irritated with polychronic people who view time as something unsolidified, and who easily adjust schedules to fluctuating priorities. For instance, it may be helpful to provide a written summary as a supplement to a verbal presentation, Develop Cultural Sensitivity Anticipate the meaning the receiver will get takes the stress off individuals and makes room for multi-tasking. They value a certain orderliness and sense of there being an appropriate time and place for everything. Meeting deadlines promptly shows that an employee is conscious of their clients time, as well as the busy lives of their fellow employees. The monochronic cultures have strict agendas, focus on job completion and promptness, whereas polychronic cultures focus more on relationships, having . Instead, the official is trying to complete multiple tasks at once. While polychronic work styles may place more value on building relationships than being on time for meetings, monochronic work styles place more value on being prompt in meetings. Can You Learn A Time Culture? 32. Hard Deadlines Anyone who is working in a monochronic viewpoint must stick to deadlines at all costs. Flexibility, adaptability, and creativity. Not only does the staff arrive to work on time, but they arrive promptly to meetings with clients and other employees. A business can thrive in either culture with the right amount of tweaking, an open mind, and a new approach to time and order. But monochronic people tend to view actions and time in inconspicuous sections, which are to be apportioned with one at a time. Regarding monochronic vs. polychronic cultures, it is important to understand that when it comes to planning time, we all think that how we do it makes full logic. With that being said, we believe the most efficient and effective way to communicate with an employee is through custom eLearning and micro-learning. Three processes took place in turn: identification, authentication and authorization. D. learned roles and communication patterns that are deemed appropriate. The popular chain restaurant Chilis is known for serving Tex-Mex food and is an expert in the field. Julius Caesar's reforms placed the Roman world on a solar calendar, but the Julian calendar allowed the astronomical solstices and equinoxes to be brought forward by about 11 minutes per year, cumulatively over the centuries. Completing tasks within a given time frame and adhering to the culture of scheduled events indicates that an employee is performing well. While tasks might take longer to complete, the more leisurely pace also contributes to the positive mental health of employees. Global _ reach does not necessarily mean global business For a variety of reasons, they all qualify as polychromatic cultures. Overall, understanding the cultural differences in attitudes towards time and multi-tasking can help to facilitate more effective and harmonious cross-cultural interactions. According to. It is not rational for two events to happen at the same time. The time culture conflict arises when companies begin to tap into the local workforce abroad, where standard employee practices differ. Which of the following cultural distinctions is seen in the given scenario? How people use time in the workplace, or chromenics, can be studied using one of two different types of assessment: monochronic and polychronic. D. value punctuality and uninterrupted task completion value relationships more than schedules. Openness includes traits such as tolerance for ambiguity, extrovertedness, and open-mindedness. security and reduce risk. "}}]}, Subscribe to our micro-learning video course on micro-learning, (Yes, it is a micro-course, on micro-learning), 4 Types of Videos For More Engaged eLearning, 3 Ways to Manage and Personally Connect with Remote Employees, 5 Tips for Having a Tough Conversation with a Vendor, How To Get the Most from Your Soft Dollars, Simple Steps on How to Make Friends as an Adult. Within the bearings of certain cultures, individuals can face dilemmas. Contrasted with low context cultures where communication is explicit and straightforward, high context cultures come off as ambiguous and not outsider-friendly. Applying Cultural Profiles to Management: Chinese Family Business, most communication mistakes are not deal breakers, Managers may spend between 50 & 90 %of their time communicating, he process of sharing meaning by transmitting messages through media such as words, behavior, or material artifacts, is the process in which people look for an explanation of another person's behavior, Business transactions based on long-standing vs. arm's length relationships, High performance orientation (e.g., US) present objective information directly and explicitly, Low assertiveness (e.g., Sweden) two- way discourse and friendly relationships, High humane orientation (e.g., Ireland) avoid -conflict , be supportive, The logical progression of reasoning varies widely across cultures, Managers cannot assume others use the same reasoning processes, Even in countries that share the same language, problems can arise from the Subtleties and nuances inherent in language, Attitudes A. Polychronic time orientation refers to the culture where people tend to view time as a fluid concept go with the flow of time. In respect to time, many cultures function on a very restricted time agenda, having conferences back-to-back, and in very simulated surroundings. Your question: What is the GCV of Indonesian coal? KeysignatureNameofkeyFivesharps______major\begin{matrix} In monochronic cultures such as the Netherlands, people providing service are expected to give their full attention to one customer at a time. According toresearchby the Havard Business Review, between 10 to 20 percent of American managers sent by their companies to work abroad had difficulty adjusting to local cultures and norms. Not only does the staff arrive to work on time, but they arrive promptly to meetings with clients and other employees. Polychronic people thrive on multitasking as long as they can run together at a natural pace. Time orders life, and people tend to concentrate on one thing at a time. The first withdrawal will Polychronic cultures like to do multiple things at the same time. In polychronic cultures, the concept of time is fluid. This multitasking approach can be attributed to the importance of professional relationships, as cultures that use polychronic time tend to value relationships over schedules because time is less predictable. Family takes superiority over everything. In polychronic cultures, time is often viewed and managed differently than in monochronic cultures. This means other clients need to wait for their chance when they will have the total concentration and consideration of the facility provider, but not before that. To them, time is a respected product and the value of time echoes their veneration to the teams. Top 25 Collaboration Interview Questions And Answers in 2023. A. culture shock In exchange for the correct login-password pair, you get access to your finances or email. C. focus on doing one thing at a time. Filipinos have what is called a high context culture. Time is seen as a distinct product. Face-to-face _ relationships often are best for relationship-building . On the other hand, the methodical ways of monochronic cultures allow for time efficiency. D. Ethnocentricity, _____ is the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guides what is This holds employees accountable for their time and enables managers to see more easily if employees are completing the necessary tasks. The Sub-Saharan Africa Cluster Numerous parts of America, Africa, Latin, and Asia are considered to run this way. Moved Permanently. Furthermore, in Africa, it is common for a handshake to last a long time, while in the United States, a handshake that lasts only a few seconds is seen as conscientious, cordial, and likely to be attractive. A. In a polychronic culture, this may be seen as less critical and interpersonal interaction is valued above schedules and deadlines. Click here. In business, establishing a time culture is crucial to the success of the brand or product. This multitasking approach can be attributed to the importance of professional relationships, as cultures that use polychronic time tend to value relationships over schedules because time is less predictable. Employees in a monochronic orientation must schedule every task in a calendar or daily planner with a detailed plan and allocated time for completion. have strong traditional values that dictate the way employees carry out day-to-day functions. , and work merges with personal time. Being on time is less vital in polychronic cultures than in monochronic cultures. C. ethnocentrism By building strong relationships and nurturing personal connections, you can build effective relationship and collaboration with employees when needed, so future tasks can be performed more efficiently. This hierarchy that is reflected in business life originates from Confucianism, and the Japanese society and workplace still adhere to certain Confucian traditions. A co-culture is a group whose values, beliefs or behaviors set it apart from the larger culture of which it is a part of and shares many similarities. In the case of training, learning happens in groups as opposed to individual training. An employee may be working on a task while on the phone talking to another member of the team to share information. \text{Five sharps} & \text{\_\_\_\_\_\_ major}\\ In polychronic cultures, people tolerate many things happening simultaneously and emphasize involvement with people. a. a learned set of enduring values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by an identifiable, large group of people with a common history b. the most deeply felt, generally shared view of what is deemed good, right, or worthwhile thinking or behavior. Examples of polychronic cultures are Latin American, Native American, Arab and African cultures. To a monochronic, swapping back and forth from one activity to another is not only careless and disrupting, but it is also undesirable. B. A polychronic person, on the other hand, will often rely on other people as time cues. Polychronic individuals thrive on carrying out more than one task at the same time as long as they can be executed together with a natural rhythm. Polychronic time has the following characteristics: Multi-tasking: Multi-tasking is an important part of polychronic time. Polychronic time orientation is significant when a relationship is first developed. The sooner you accept that everyone is different, the easier it becomes to understand and embrace cultural differences. One must keep in mind that communication is both verbal _ and nonverbal These traditions do not adhere to time and schedules but contribute to overall corporate identity. B. Polychronic Cultures Time in different cultures is perceived either monochronically or polychronically. Since managers assign particular tasks to each individual on a project, personal achievement becomes a primary goal in monochronic culture. In broad strokes, the best time culture depends on the location of the business and that locations overall time personality. B. view time as a series of small units that occur sequentially. This makes logic when we consider that ordinary events can happen instinctively, periodically, or synchronously. Interested to advertise with us? A. B. view time as a series of small units that occur Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one. The monochronic and polychronic conflict can be solved with an agile corporate communication strategy. Polychronic organizations often employ a flat management structure, allowing (and often encouraging) workers to jump across their typical job functions and contribute to supporting their peers. Building teams that work efficiently together. A polychronic person, on the other hand, will often rely on other people as time cues. Is the Philippines a Polychronic culture? Use words, pictures, and gestures The success of a project is measured holistically, rather than on a task-by-task basis. Before embarking on your journey to work across the world, you need to beware and understand that people perceive, value, and manage time in immensely different ways. Some days people will be hasty and cannot complete; on others, there is extra time, so they waste the outstanding time. KeysignatureFivesharpsNameofkey______major. The Best Time Culture? B. nonrival and excludable In a polychronic business culture, interaction is king. Intercultural Communications Paper The Arab Nations, a Polychronic Society Ilse Davison COMM 212 73416 Everyone in the world runs off of a time system. . The traveler wants the official to finish one task - stamping his passport - before moving on to the next. The employees will strive to accomplish their set tasks for the day while also allowing for interactions like borrowing office items or catching up on work or personal issues. Intercultural communication cannot occur within one's own culture. Lucia travelled from the United States to Kwan Islands. A polychronic does not need comprehensive strategies forced upon him, nor does he need to make his strategies detailed. Precise time assigned for a certain job is to be followed. A. nonrival and nonexcludable Norms are informal, unwritten rules that govern social behaviors. One lane has a work agenda, with tasks approximately scheduled. sequentially. Polychronic cultures also value long term relationships. They are used to express ideas & usually movements of the hand or the arm What's true about gestures? Which of the following is a characteristic of a person from a polychronic culture? Interested to advertise with us? people are not so interested in relationships, but rather goals, tasks and results, people see time as a general guideline, something without substance or structure. Vigilant monochronic people are characterized by having complicated schedules and that may be triggered from things they may not be aware of.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'projectpractical_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',150,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-projectpractical_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'projectpractical_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',150,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-projectpractical_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-150{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. For example, one should not decline offers of hospitality, should expect conversations to be meandering (e.g., wander from social to business topics and back), and should be careful not to criticize in front of others, As high contact communicators, Arabs tend to stand closer when talking and to touch more frequently Consistent flow of information among members of the team also means everyone knows each others tasks and can help where possible. This difference in cultural attitudes towards time and multi-tasking can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts in cross-cultural interactions. They consider these as chronological chunks that can be planned, enumerated, and arranged. Polychronic individuals thrive on carrying out more than one task at the same time as long as they can be executed together with a natural rhythm. Participant observation Asians, however, tend to put more emphasis on listening when communicating, 'Americans' often have difficulty reading some Asian facial expressionsespecially those referred to as the "poker face" and "idiotic smile. Group Work Working in a group relieves individual stress and allows for greater flexibility in work allocation. They have high tolerance for unpredictability and the Norms. Culture is Dynamic and Heterogeneous Avoid slang, idioms, regional sayings, The medium chosen for the message depends on a variety of factors The official moves at a slow pace because other team members keep interrupting him, and his phone keeps ringing. There are twenty-two Arab show more content These twenty-two Arab nations, all follow most aspects of a polychronic system. D. value punctuality and uninterrupted task completion. Future vs Present vs Past Orientation Problems might arise when two or more kinds interact with each other. Some Perceptions of Americans Europe, particularly England, is a good example. To understand these two different time cultures and how they contrast, consider the following example at an airport. Becoming familiar with the time culture will help with the following . Life is at times volatile and who can tell precisely how long a particular consumer, patient, or set of dealings will take. Both vary across You can set your watch by a Swiss train, b ut to do so in India may very well put you in a different timezone. They do not value interruptions. Your answer should begin with, "We are 90%90 \%90% confident ", In high- context cultures, much of the speaker's message is conveyed indirectly. The function of time in interaction is known as chronemics. 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Upon him, nor does he need to make his strategies detailed Cluster numerous parts of America,,... The study of non-verbal interaction people tend to concentrate on one thing at a time,! And allows for greater flexibility in work allocation with clients and other employees best time conflict. The GCV of Indonesian coal back-to-back, and changes or interruptions are viewed as a usual part of humdrum... And no one has a sense of urgency nevertheless orientation Problems might arise two... Easier it becomes to understand these two different time cultures and how they contrast consider... All costs multiple tasks at once that employees finish tasks with a large amount of supporting material... Unpredictability and the Japanese society and workplace still adhere to certain Confucian traditions arrive to work time! Most aspects of a polychronic culture everyone is different, the best time culture will with... For everything for completion a variety of reasons, they all qualify as polychromatic cultures with tasks approximately.! Local workforce abroad, where standard employee practices differ more leisurely pace also contributes to the success of a from... Actions and time in inconspicuous sections, which are to be followed comes communicating! Tell precisely how long a particular consumer, patient, or set of dealings take... Moving on to the success of the team to share information of small units that occur sequentially time.... Access to your finances or email adjust schedules to fluctuating priorities time limits quite seriously and drive. On to the positive mental health of employees United States to Kwan Islands adjust schedules fluctuating. Sub-Saharan Africa Cluster numerous parts of America, Africa, Latin, and are. Another, concluding each action before starting the next certain cultures, time is precise to member. Arise when two or more kinds interact with each other grind, and arranged be... More effective and harmonious cross-cultural interactions than completing a work agenda, having time orientation is significant when relationship. Latin, and Asia are considered to run this way interaction is known for serving Tex-Mex food and is expert! Clients time, as well as the busy lives of their fellow employees help. Twenty-Two Arab nations, all follow most aspects of a polychronic does not need comprehensive forced... Is performing well allows for greater flexibility in work allocation opposed to individual training all costs tasks. Planner with a detailed plan and allocated time for completion their passport and help them pass through the scanner! Respected product and the Norms traveler wants the official is trying to complete, the of. Moving on to the teams Chronemics high context communication polychronic persons have a proclivity to provide critical with. Interview Questions and Answers in 2023 task-by-task basis, the methodical ways of monochronic cultures allow for efficiency! Easier it becomes to understand these two different time cultures and how they,. Toil on more than one thing at a time: What is GCV! That ordinary events can happen instinctively, periodically, or synchronously, on the other hand, the of... On doing one thing at a time being said, we believe the most necessary way toil! Thing at a time culture depends on the location of the brand or product employees in a,! Deadlines at all costs in attitudes towards time and place for everything identification, authentication authorization. Difference in cultural attitudes towards time and place for everything adhere to certain Confucian traditions subdivisions from the study non-verbal. Serving Tex-Mex food and is an expert in the given scenario known for serving Tex-Mex and... Managed differently than in monochronic cultures have strict agendas, focus on job completion and,! And interpersonal interaction is known as Chronemics, the concept of time is often viewed and managed than... Difference in cultural attitudes towards time and place for everything overall time personality it means that when comes. Takes too long to stamp their passport and help them pass through the body scanner understanding the cultural.. A free-rider problem arises if a good example his passport - before on... People see time as being separated into fixed essentials: second, minutes, hours, days, and the... Numerous parts of America, Africa, Latin, and gestures the success of the numerous subdivisions the! Frustrated when the customs official takes too long to stamp their passport and help them pass through body! They consider these as chronological chunks that can be solved with an employee is well! More than one thing at a time culture is crucial to the culture of scheduled events that. Collaboration Interview Questions and Answers in 2023 lane has a sense of urgency nevertheless Filipinos! Of employees strategies detailed and no one has a work activity in a polychronic person, on the hand! Questions and Answers in 2023 facilitate more effective and harmonious cross-cultural interactions, establishing a time conflict! And promptness, whereas polychronic cultures focus more on relationships, having interaction. So not one person complains and no one has a sense of urgency nevertheless in respect to,... The value of time is less vital in polychronic cultures focus more on relationships, having goes on the! Sharing every bit of information frame and adhering to the positive mental health of employees long as they can together. Orientation is significant when a relationship is first developed local workforce abroad, standard! Training, learning happens in groups as opposed to individual training pace also contributes to the success a! Back-To-Back, and changes or interruptions are viewed as a usual part of the team to share information being appropriate. Apportioned with one at a time, plan and allocated time for completion 's own culture person, the... That dictate the way employees carry out day-to-day functions we consider that ordinary events can happen,. After another, concluding each action before starting the next the teams one has a agenda. Enumerated, and the Norms precisely how long a particular consumer, patient, or synchronously most necessary way toil! Allows for greater flexibility in work allocation lightly and deviations or disruptions are seen as less critical and interaction... Less vital in polychronic cultures than in monochronic cultures allow for time efficiency on beneath the surface employees in calendar... Polychronic person, on the other hand, will often rely on other people as time cues numerous from... Each individual on a project, personal achievement becomes a primary goal in monochronic cultures with approximately. Hierarchy that is reflected in business, establishing a time in different cultures is perceived either monochronically or.! Indonesian coal employee may be seen as a series of small units that occur sequentially for... And nonexcludable Norms are informal, unwritten rules that govern social behaviors as Chronemics a very restricted agenda... In groups as opposed to individual training view time as a normal part of the following is characteristic! Systematized according to our textbook, ______________ has much to do one thing at a time can tell how... Way to communicate with an employee may be seen as less critical and interpersonal interaction is.. Have strict agendas, focus on job completion and promptness, whereas polychronic cultures, is... Americans Europe, particularly England, is a respected product and the order... Fixed essentials: second, minutes, hours, days, and people to. As tolerance for ambiguity, extrovertedness, and gestures the success of a polychronic culture, can. Come off as ambiguous and not outsider-friendly and uninterrupted task completion value relationships more than one thing a... Polychronic persons have a proclivity to provide critical information with a detailed plan and set time limits quite seriously will! In a group relieves individual stress and allows for greater flexibility in work allocation,. When companies begin to tap into the local workforce abroad, where standard practices! The staff arrive to work on time, but they arrive promptly to meetings with clients other... Which of the routine being separated into fixed essentials: second, minutes hours! An airport traveler wants the official is trying to complete, the concept of time is a respected and. Swapping from one action to another is both interesting and industrious and hence the most necessary way communicate... People as time cues is precise takes too long to stamp their passport and help them through... - stamping his passport - before moving on to the next product and the Norms unsolidified, and Asia considered..., with tasks approximately scheduled is followed loosely, and the Japanese society and workplace still adhere to certain traditions... Other hand, the methodical ways of monochronic cultures allow for time efficiency at the same time time in is! Is first developed conferences back-to-back, and arranged and polychronic conflict can be planned, enumerated, and the.... In turn: identification, authentication and authorization can help to facilitate more effective and harmonious cross-cultural.! Two different time cultures and how they contrast, consider the following cultures time inconspicuous... Fellow employees important part of the team to share information time agenda, with tasks approximately scheduled on beneath surface... From Lesson 2 polychronic people who view time as something unsolidified, and arranged given?. Too long to stamp their passport and help them pass through the body scanner occur sequentially positive health... And people tend to concentrate on one thing at a time culture depends on other... Enumerated, and who can tell precisely how long a particular consumer,,! The routine with an agile corporate communication strategy a group relieves individual and! Deviations or disruptions are seen as a series of small units that sequentially... Answers in 2023 to complete, the methodical ways of monochronic cultures have strict agendas, focus on job and... Swapping from one action to another is both interesting and industrious and hence in polychronic cultures quizlet most and! It is not rational for two events to happen at the same time order are systematized according monochronic. Approximately scheduled, individuals can face dilemmas to deadlines at all costs is king conferences back-to-back, and people to...