[453][454][455] Like Australia, the Micronesian dependent territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands currently compete in the AFC instead of the OFC. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). Tuvalu. 5.2 million), Melbourne (pop. Description . Many remain preliterate and, at the national or international level, the names of tribes and information about them is extremely hard to obtain. [64][123] Archaeological evidence suggests that Micronesians may have lived on the Bonin Islands c.2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. 1. Population density (people per sq. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. Two years later, Australia's Celebrity Survivor was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. [187] Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population. International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. [456] The OFC was dominated by Australia for many years, and became known for one-sided results. [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. "[38] He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2020. It further states, "In its broadest definition Oceania embraces all islands and island groups of the Pacific Ocean that lie between Asia and the two American continents. In the national agreement on Closing the Gap signed . [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. [444][445] Fiji's sevens team is one of the most successful in the world, as is New Zealand's. "Huna, Max Freedom Long, and the Idealization of William Brigham". [285][286] Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. Less isolated oceanic islands that were once uninhabited, such as the Bonin Islands, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands, have since been sparsely populated by citizens of their political administrators. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015. These islands lie on the Antarctic Plate and are also thought of as being in Antarctica or no region at all, due to their extreme geographical isolation. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. [204][205], Easter Islanders claimed that a chief Hotu Matua[206] discovered the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family. Two countries are on the list of the world's top 50 fastest-growing nations. In this model of the world, Australia is only seen as an island nation contained inside of the continent of Oceania, and not a continent by itself. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. Asia will add 620 mn more before reaching a peak in 2055, with home to 5.3 billion people. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. [15], The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. The population of Oceania ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Geographic coordinates. Oceania (UK: / o s i n i , o i-,- e n-/, US: / o i n i / (), /- n-/) is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. Omissions? The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. [139] In the 2006 book Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds, American paleontologist David Steadman wrote, "no place on earth is as perplexing as the 25,000 islands that make Oceania." [457] These included a 310 defeat of American Samoa by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport. [213], On 23 April 1770, British explorer James Cook made his first recorded direct observation of Aboriginal Australians at Brush Island near Bawley Point. Pirmides Populacionais: Oceania - 2041. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. Oceania (UK: /osini, oi-, -en-/, US: /oini/ (listen), /-n-/)[5] is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. [283] Snow falls frequently on the highlands near the east coast, in the states of Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and in the Australian Capital Territory. Coconuts, ginger, and copra are also significant. Source: UN (World Population Prospects 2019) Date: 23 Aug 2021: Top Statistics Olympics Medal Table 2020. Oceaniacontributes barely 1% of total world production, so it is not a continent with much weight in this matter. The national government (malo) generally controls the legislative assembly. [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. "[106] The Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have oceanic geology, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an overseas territory; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynsie Franaise (French Polynesia). Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. [348][349] Melbourne also ranked highly in the world's most liveable city list,[350] and is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region.[351][352]. New Zealand uses its lakes for hydroelectric power generation. ", "National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley", "Official records for Australia in January", "NZ's temperature record hits new low minus 25.6degC", "Rainfall Climatology for Pohnpei Islands, Federated States of Micronesia", "UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI PROVINSI PAPUA", "Papuan province changes name from West Irian Jaya to West Papua", "3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016", "What's driving population growth in Australia's cities? [58] They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; Near Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia, which has shown to be not a pertinent category in respect to the geography, archeology, culture, language and human history of the region. Less than 1% of the world's population inhabits the continent and almost half of its approximately 36.5 million inhabitants live on Australia's southeastern coast. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. [14] Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. [97][98] Tyler described Australia as "the leviathan of the island groups of the world", and stated that the Juan Fernndez Islands "will always retain a marked prominence in island histories, being at one time the home of that celebrated castaway Alexander Selkirk, whose life and adventures have been made so intensely interesting to youthful minds, and older ones too, for that matter, by Defoe in his wonderful book Robinson Crusoe. How many regions is Oceania divided into? [401][402] The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. It is held every four years and began in 1963. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. [22][23][bettersourceneeded] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and pre-Columbian America, hence a lack of association with either. the U.S.A. ranks number 3 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. . This definition consists of discrete political entities, and so excludes the Bonin Islands, Hawaii, Clipperton Island and the Juan Fernndez Islands, along with Easter Island which was annexed by Chile in 1888. He excluded from his definition the larger islands of New Guinea and New Zealand, and argued that Cocos Island, the Galpagos Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and other oceanic islands nearing the Americas were not part of Oceania, due to their biogeographical affinities with that area and lack of prehistoric indigenous populations. [268] The brown tree snake is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Guam and Solomon Islands. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. [152][153] Scottish author Robert Hope Moncrieff considered Clipperton to be the easternmost point of Oceania in 1907, while Ian Todd also included it in his definition of Oceania in Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The campaign to take Samoa ended without bloodshed after over 1,000 New Zealanders landed on the German colony. Papua New Guinea alone is home to one-third of the world's languages - about 780 distinct vernaculars. Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Izu Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. The rest is distributed among the island countries of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia, where native ethnic groups abound. "[100], In a 1972 article for the Music Educators Journal titled Musics of Oceania, author Raymond F. Kennedy wrote, "many meanings have been given to the word Oceania. Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. Australia and New Zealand's trading arrangements are known as Closer Economic Relations. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. [287], Hawaii, although being in the tropics, experiences many different climates, depending on latitude and its geography. The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors. Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. [66] However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania. Hawaii became a U.S. state in 1959. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants OCEANIA BRITANNICA POVERTY IN OCEANIA Poverty in Australia [Analysis & Poverty Observatory, 2020] With data compiled from 2018 has shown that 3 million people or 13.2% of Australia's population is in poverty. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. Fiji currently attracts almost half a million tourists each year, more than a quarter of whom come from Australia. This continent, the smallest on the planet, is located south of thePacific Ocean, west of theIndian Oceanand southeast ofthe Asian continent. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. "[49] Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent". Countries in Oceania The following are countries that are included in the broad definition of Oceania, with their corresponding population and capitals. Oceania Population. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. Tonga. For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. 2. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. [66] The Galpagos Islands, the Juan Fernndez Islands and the Revillagigedo Islands were identified as the easternmost areas of Oceania in the book. In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). Yearly Change: For 2019: absolute change in total population (increase or decrease in number of people) over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. The data is given as of 1st of January of an year. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. This is in spite of the geographical distance separating these areas from Hawaii, which technically lies in the North Pacific. Oceania is the name that designates the insularcontinentmade up of the continental shelf of Australia, New Zealand, the islands of New Guinea and the archipelagos of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [107][108][109] Certain Japanese islands off the main archipelago are not geologically associated with Asia. The Pitcairn reed warbler, endemic to Pitcairn Island, was added to the endangered species list in 2008. [447] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. [289], The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached 50.7C (123.3F). Major Physiographic Features of Oceania [335] As of 2015[update], a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry especially Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. In statistics, population may refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. Pop. "[45] Australia is a founding member of the Pacific Islands Forum in 1971, and at times has been interpreted as the largest Pacific island. [212] He was the first known European explorer to reach these islands. Fiji and Tonga became independent in 1970. Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size. Desert 3. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. Population growth through agriculture ii. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." Sydney (pop. The highest increase in Australia was recorded in 1971 with 3.44 percent. While it took the global population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion, it will take. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. There is significantbiodiversityon the continent of Oceania,featuringtropical, subtropical, marine, tundra, and high mountainecosystems. APT Satellite is a leading satellite operator in Asia-Pacific. [211] Abel Tasman circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), New Zealand in 1642, and Fiji. [105], According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. [68] The UN categorizes Oceania, and by extension the Pacific area, as one of the major continental divisions of the world, along with Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States, India, South Korea and the European Union. The islands lie on the Nazca Plate with Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands, and have a significant south central Pacific component to their marine fauna. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. The flora of Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia is tropical dry forest, with tropical vegetation that includes palm trees, premna protrusa, psydrax odorata, gyrocarpus americanus, and derris trifoliata. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. [165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. [311] Traditional religions are often animist, and prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in spirits (masalai in Tok Pisin) representing natural forces. For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. 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