B. Warped. 9. prevented every year. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. D. Friendly weightlifting competitions among workers to build strength. The ground is level and stable. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. Chicken Ladder. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. a. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. disadvantages. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: A. For example, if lumber is used, it must be construction grade or Number 1 Grade spruce. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. work on scaffolds frequently. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. Supported scaffold poles, legs . A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers missing parts due to area obstructions). 10. 5. . Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds Engineering and Administrative Controls. General. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by ridge hooks or by means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength and durability). The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Bearers shall extend beyond the posts and runners, and shall provide full contact with the coupler. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Do not sell or share my personal information. Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. B. We've encountered a problem, please try again. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. C. To send every worker home whole and healthy every day Outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches or less from the front edge The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Personal Fall Arrest System. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Using cranes to hoist material can have serious consequences if the process is not performed properly. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. B. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Nothing should lean in any direction. Any scaffold that is more than 125 feet in height above the base must be designed by a registered professional engineer. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. Not tied. D. Stop using the tool, A. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Choose one answer. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. The use of safe lifting postures and timing DO NOT ERECT, DISMANTLE OR ALTER A SCAFFOLD unless under the supervision of a qualified person. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Safe access above 2 feet. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. When only a part of the width of the metal scaffold frame conforms to ladder spacing, then these frames must be erected in a manner that makes a continuous ladder bottom to top, with ladder sides of the frames in a vertical line. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Just a few example you can find fast on the interwebs, NFI . 1926.452 (c) (4) The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. The knowledgeable user knows how to select the right scaffold for the job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Form scaffold-inspection-report-tube-fitting-scaffolds, Construction safety pocket guide osha3252, Why osha scaffold safety training matters scaffold dos and donts, Construction Safety Training_Session 05_Access Equipment and Fall Protection, Safety practice ( SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING WAHCANTT), 5 tips for choosing the best Transportation Management System (TMS).pdf, Tetrahydrocurcumin vs Curcumin What Are The Differences.pdf, 5 Tips on Tenant Referencing for a Speedy Process.pdf, Target And Clinical Trial Progress of ADC In prostate Cancer.pdf, NewBase 02 March -2023 Energy News issue - 1598 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf, SEAI Business Decarbonisation Supports SSRH and EXEED Schemes launch, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a/n ______________: Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the: To protect against caught-in or -between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also a worker should avoid: Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that hasnt been locked-out. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. Specific requirements are described below. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. which of the following statements is false? each of the hazards. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. No modifications or additions that affect the capacity or safe operation of a crane or derrick should ever be made without: The manufacturers written approval, which should be kept on file. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. D. All of the above. Step 1 Select and prepare the ground area. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. 7. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Scaffolding by UWM 1. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. The scaffold is positioned so that swinging cannot bring the scaffold into contact with another surface. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. B. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . 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